There are two facial nerves, one on each side of the face. Each facial nerve has subdivisions which control the majority of the facial muscles including the muscles that control facial expression, that open and close the mouth and eyes.
Facial nerve inflammation leading to paralysis is usually caused by a viral infection. The most common type of viral infection in facial paralysis is caused by herpes simplex, the same virus that causes mouth cold sores. A variant of facial paralysis caused by herpes zoster is called Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, the same virus that causes varicella and shingles. A less common cause of facial paralysis is Lyme Disease. Diabetic patients are prone to develop facial paralysis.